Renal Medicine, also known as Nephrology, is the medical management of patients with kidney disease and associated diseases.  Nephrology focuses on diseases affecting kidney health and in particular kidney function; on systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and autoimmune disease that affect the kidneys; on systemic disease that may result from kidney dysfunction and kidney failure; and on congenital and genetic conditions affecting the kidneys.  Renal physicians have a specialised knowledge of medications to manage kidney dysfunction; and of medications which may contribute to chronic kidney disease and how to prevent this.